What does the term 'equalization' refer to in scuba diving?

The term 'equalization' in scuba diving specifically refers to the technique used to balance the pressure in air spaces within the body, particularly in the ears and sinuses. As a diver descends, the pressure of the surrounding water increases, which can create a pressure difference between the outside water and the internal air spaces. If this pressure is not equalized, it can lead to discomfort or even injury, such as barotrauma.

To perform equalization, divers often use techniques such as the Valsalva maneuver, where they gently blow with their nose pinched shut, or the Frenzel maneuver. These techniques help to open the Eustachian tubes and allow air to flow into the middle ear, equalizing the pressure. Proper equalization is essential for a safe and enjoyable diving experience, enabling divers to descend comfortably and without pain.

The other options, while relevant to diving, do not specifically define equalization. Adjusting buoyancy pertains to managing your floating or sinking in water, resting during a dive involves breaks to prevent fatigue, and using an alternate air source refers to having a backup means of breathing in case of an emergency.